The Pre-Harappan Era

The Dawn of Permanent Settlements (4000 BC - 3300 BC)

Mehrgarh: The Starting Point

Located in modern-day Balochistan, Mehrgarh is one of the most important Neolithic sites. It shows the transition from hunting-gathering to settled farming.

Discovery: Early evidence of wheat and barley cultivation was found here.

Hakra Ware Culture

Named after the Ghaggar-Hakra river valley, this culture featured handmade pottery and early mud-brick houses, setting the foundation for urban life.

Early Social Structure

As populations grew, people started living in organized villages. We see the first signs of specialized crafts and granaries for food storage.

Amri-Nal Culture

A later stage of the Pre-Harappan period where wheel-made pottery with beautiful geometric designs became common, leading towards the Great Indus Civilization.